They lack theory of mind but demonstrate egocentrism.ī. Item III is false: national childhood obesity rates and Mississippi state childhood obesity rates do not begin to diverge in 2005, rather, they begin to converge (become more similar), as the rate of childhood obesity in Mississippi begins to increase less dramatically (slope becomes more shallow), while the national rate of childhood obesity begins to increase more dramatically (slope becomes steeper choice D can be eliminated, choice A is correct). Therefore, if there is a 5% increase over ten years, and then another 5% increase over five years, the rate of increase in the national adult obesity percentage has roughly doubled (the slope for 1990-1995 is about twice a steep as the slope for 1980-1990). Item II is true: from 1990 to 1995, the rate of increase in the national adult obesity percentage is roughly 5% (from about 15% in 1990 to about 20% in 1995) the ten years prior to this also demonstrated a roughly 5% increase in the national adult obesity percentage (from about 10% in 1980 to about 15% in 1990). It is possible that one or more of the other states-except Mississippi, which we know from the figure has increasing rates during that timeframe-also have declining childhood obesity rates, but do not have their data presented in Figure 2 (choices B and C can be eliminated). Item I is false: according to Figure 2, childhood obesity rates declined from 2005 to 2010 (the slope becomes negative) however, even though national childhood obesity rates are still increasing (positive slope) from 2005 to 2010, it is not possible to conclude that Colorado is the only state with declining childhood obesity rates. The implementation of a punishment (exercises getting harder) in response to a desired behavior (exercise) does not fit within neobehaviorist principles (choice D is wrong).Ī. While choice B describes positive reinforcement, and choice C describes positive punishment, neobehaviorists believe that the most effective way to modify behavior is with positive reinforcement (choice B is correct, choice C is wrong). When a person exhibits an undesirable behavior, the application of a punishment will discourage that behavior from happening again (positive punishment). Therefore, if someone exhibits a desired behavior, providing a reward after that behavior will encourage the behavior to happen again (positive reinforcement). Neobehaviorists believe that behavior can be modified by rewards or punishments (choice A is wrong because it does not describe any type of reward or punishment). For every five pounds a person loses, she is given a non-food reward such as money or praise/attention from others.
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